Essay on Moral or Immoral - 648 Words

Moral or Immoral In Martin Luther King Jr.’s essay, A Letter from Birmingham Jail he compares the issues of Moral acts verses Immoral acts. This essay was written in response to a letter some clergymen had written after a direct action march Dr. King had participated in. In their letter the clergymen had praised the local police officers and media for the nonviolent and calm manner in which the situation was handled. It was this praise that prompted Dr King to write: â€Å"I have tried to make clear that it is wrong to use immoral means to attain moral ends. But now I must affirm that it is just as wrong or perhaps even more so, to use moral means to preserve immoral ends.† The beginning of this statement refers to the idea of†¦show more content†¦This is a perfect example of where a law had existed that was immoral. King also struggles with the issues of laws he believes are moral, however they have immoral consequences. For example, King states, â€Å"For instance, I have been arrested on a charge of parading without a permit.† Dr. King believes this is fair and that the law against parading without a permit is just. However as King continues to discuss his argument he seems to believe that the law is immoral â€Å"when it is used to maintain segregation and to deny citizens the First Amendment privilege of peaceful assembly and protest.† Here King describes the struggle between his desires to obey the law, while expressing his need to openly protest those laws in which he views as morally unjust. The final moral issue Dr. King confronts is the issue of segregation. He remarks in his essay, â€Å"I can urge men to obey the 1954 decision of the Supreme Court, for it is morally right; and I can urge them to disobey segregation ordinances, for they are morally wrong.† Here is a perfect example of King’s struggle with laws and their relevance to morality. On one hand King supports the Supreme Court’s decision to desegregate the schools because it is morally correct. On the other hand he would urge people to disobey segregation ordinances because desegregation in schools is only half the battle. Dr. King argues his position on segregation with the followingShow MoreRelatedEthics Is Not Moral Or Immoral940 Words   |  4 PagesEthics is not relative to the culture that we live in. Ethics is not based on one countries’ morals. If one country believes something is not morally right, but in other countries it is. This does not mean it is based on the c ulture to make it moral or immoral. Ethics is not based on one specific society, but ideas. Ethics is about discussions and how theories can be put into effect. If the United States disapproves of cannibalism while another country is completely okay with it. This gives us noRead MoreAbortion - Is It Moral or Immoral2853 Words   |  12 PagesAbortion – Moral or Immoral? 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Therefore, what is considered moral or ethical in one society may be considered immoral or unethicalRead MoreCultural Relativism : Moral And Immoral846 Words   |  4 Pagesthere is no absolute truth in morality, only the truth that particular individual or cultures happen to believe. In other words, the definition of moral depends on a person’s culture, society or his or her group of people. If you believe in relativism, then you think different people can have different views about the question: what is moral and immoral? Likewise, everyone have to choose upon his or her ethics because there are no absolutes. There are two types of relativism: cultural relativism andRead MoreIs Abortion A Moral Or Immoral Act?1177 Words   |  5 PagesProf. Hedleston Phil 103 21 November 2014 Final Paper Abortion is one of the hottest topics discussed today. Everyone has an opinion on it. Some people say that it’s immoral; others say that it isn’t. The purpose behind this paper is to expose the reader to both sides of the â€Å"Is abortion a moral or immoral act?† argument, using moral theories to back up the arguments. This gives the reader a different view of both sides of the argument. I will also give my opinion at the end. Everyone and their motherRead MoreEssay on Is Abortion Moral or Immoral?1122 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Is abortion moral or immoral?† We yet have not acquired an answer to this question. Infer by that, we defend about the nature and the moral status of the fetus. In the other word, should we or should we not? Don Marquis as well as Bonnie Steinbock embraces with the argument of their own, which point out the morality of abortion. Don Marquis upholds the fact of since abortion deprives the fetus of a future like ours therefore most abortion is morally wrong. He adheres in his article â€Å"abortion isRead MoreGay Marriage: Moral or Immoral?2203 Words   |  9 PagesRUNNING HEAD: GAY MARRIAGE 1 Gay Marriage Moral or Immoral? William Hadley SOC 1120: Intro. to Ethics and Social Responsibility Christine Villasenor July 11, 2011 Ashford University GAY MARRIAGE 2 Marriage has been an important institution throughout the centuries. In the United States, most adults are marriedRead MoreAbortion- Is It a Moral or an Immoral Choice? Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesThe title of the first article is Abortion is a Moral Choice by Henry Morgentaler. This article upholds womens rights to abortion in the belief that it reduces the number of unwanted children and also reduces the number of adult criminals that suffer from childhood neglect or parental abuse. The title of the second article is Abortion is Immoral by John Paul II. This article objects abortion in the belief that it is a crime which kills an innocent human being and also against all ChristianRead MoreShould The Wealthy Be Moral And The Poor Immoral? Essay1808 Words   |  8 Pages Argumentative Essay: Can the wealthy be moral and the poor immoral? Wealth is as a state or condition of having a great quantity, valuable possessions, property or other riches. Poverty may be defined as general scarcity, dearth, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Morality is the principles concerning the distinction between rights and wrong or good and bad behavior. Although stereotypes prove that poor people areRead MoreDoctor Assisted Suicide : The Moral And Immoral Rights Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesDoctor Assisted Suicide Doctor-assisted suicide helps numerous people with life threatening illnesses die in peace. Brittany Maynard is the most recent case that deals with the moral and immoral rights of doctor-assisted suicide. Other doctors helped their patients, however they did not publicize the action being done to help. Doctor Kevorkian was the first doctor that did not hide as to how he would help his patients that were terminally ill. Doctor assisted suicide is frowned upon by a variety

Network Security Networks And Artificial Intelligence

3 General Ideas: The three general ideas which are interesting to my preference would be, †¢ Network Security †¢ Network Architecture and †¢ Artificial Intelligence 1. Network Security: Keeping a network secured is always mandatory because information cannot be share by a person who is unauthorized and network security is an advanced procedure where it will prevent possible access or misuse of information on network or modify any data on the network without having an access to it. There are several ways of network security by which a network can be secured. The three sub-areas which I have selected in Network Security are, Data Loss Prevention: Any company which has a network and few work stations which work on this network should make sure†¦show more content†¦So, NAC (Network Access Control) is the process which will be giving limited access depending on their designation. 2. Network Architecture: This is one of the most important phase while creating a secured network. Network architecture will discuss the design of network which has both software and hardware connectivity along with process of transmission and communications in both wired or wireless networks. There are few topologies (star, bus, loop or mesh) and types of networks (LAN, WAN or MAN) which are to be considered and then need to work on the architecture accordingly. The three sub-areas which I have selected for Network Architecture are, Planning of Network Design: A proper planning of a network design will always lead to better results. Planning should be done in such a way that network should always run properly and should be secured 24/7. Strong firewalls and updated components are to be picked for proper planning of network. There should always be a space in network so that we can either expand or add few more components to network which will make network even more big. Blueprints of networks must be made prior to network design because they are the ones which will be helpful in designing the actual network. Data Transfers within the network: Making sure that data isShow MoreRelatedSample Resume : Artificial Intelligence765 Words   |  4 Pagesapplying for admission to the Ph.D. programme in Artificial Intelligence. I have a background in computing at both B.Sc. and MSc. levels and due to the projection of emerging technologies and how everything is tilted towards Artificial Intelligence: I want a career in the field. Particularly, as Artificial Intelligence is one of the main research areas in Computer Science and how it will help me expand my knowledge scope and expertise in: web intelligence; intelligent interactive systems; human-robotRead MoreStock Market Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks And Regression Analysis871 Words   |  4 PagesPrediction Using Artificial Neural Networks and Regression Analysis Tyler T. 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Purpose / Background / Audience: Relatively accurate prediction of multi-tiered, non-linear events has long been a difficult and time-consuming task to perform; forecasting the movement of securities on the stockRead MoreA Survey On Load Balancing Cloud Computing Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesA Survey on Load Balancing in Cloud Computing using Artificial Intelligence Techniques Amandeep Kaur1, Pooja Nagpal2 1Research Scholar,Department of CSE, I.K.Gujral Punjab Technical University Rayat Institute of Engineering and Information Technology,India 2Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology ,I.K.Gujral Punjab Technical University Rayat Institute of Engineering and Information Technology,India 1amandhonsa@gmail.com, 2rieit.cseRead MoreThe Importance Of Artificial Intelligence1302 Words   |  6 PagesArtificial intelligence is the utilization of computers to imitate human brains in restricted domains. This is a consequence of developing computer which carry on logically, reason rationally and can adequately decipher its surroundings continuously in real time. Artificial Intelligence is no longer a fictionist concept, the superior computing prowess of artificial intelligence has enabled them to surpass humans in problem solving. They have made it conceivable to recreate complex activities thatRead MoreGenetic Algorithms And Its Applications Of Cyber Security1709 Words   |  7 Pages Genetic Algorithms and its Applications to Cyber Security Paper By Sameera Chalamalasetty Guided By Dr. Mario A Garcia Abstract: Genetic algorithms (GAs) were initially proposed by John Holland, whose thoughts were connected and developed by Goldberg. GAs are a heuristicRead MoreBuilding Adaptive Defense Against Cybercrimes Using Real Time Data Mining1648 Words   |  7 Pagessystems behind in the race, because of their inability to identify new patters of cybercrime and to ameliorate to the required levels of security. This paper visualizes the empowerment of security systems through real-time data mining by the virtue of which these systems will be able to dynamically identify patterns of cybercrimes. This will help those security systems stepping up their defense capabilities, while adapting to the required levels posed by newly germinating patterns. In order to confineRead MoreArtificial Security Research Paper890 Words   |  4 PagesAlternate Title Supplement Your Staff with Artificial Intelligence and Chatbots Cybersecurity professionals are seriously outnumbered by legions of hackers who are determined to find exploitable vulnerabilities. Most hackers are not subject to the same budget constraints that CISOs frequently face. They may have the manpower to spend more time breaching your system than you can muster to defend it. However, even if you have the funds to hire an equivalent number of staff members to block the threatRead MoreCyber Espionage In China Essay767 Words   |  4 Pages Larry Wortzel, a member of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission testified before the House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigation. He revealed the following assessment of China’s cyber activities against the United States. China is using its advanced cyber capabilities to conduct large-scale cyber espionage. China to date has compromised a range of U.S. networks, including those of the Department of Defense (DOD), defenseRead MoreTechnology Innovation In Information Technology1613 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Computing. Artificial Intelligence (Cognitive Computing) in the Data Center The growing complexity of network infrastructures has increased the demand for intelligent coordination, configuration, and collaboration between government and its OEM Vendors. While the criticality of intelligent event management for ensuring resilient and stable cross-border services is of growing importance, customer expectations have similarly increased. The wave of Artificial Intelligence or Cognitive ComputingRead MoreArtificial Intelligence, Theory And Development Of Computer Systems Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesArtificial intelligence, theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence, such as speaking, decision-making etc. When most people think of artificial intelligence (Al), they think of the robots from the movie Chappie, or I, Robot. Those are some examples of what AI could lead to but that is not exactly it. The idea of intelligent machines go back to Greek mythology. The origin of AI can be described as philosophers who tried to explain

Civil War Reconstruction Essay Example For Students

Civil War Reconstruction Essay The period after the Civil War was a very difficult time in the United States history. This time was known as the Reconstruction period and it was a very controversial time. There were many issues that had to be addressed such as what to do with the free blacks in the south and how states would be readmitted to the Union. This era saw the rise of the Radical Republicans. The government was going through changes, southerners were going through changes, and blacks were going through changes. Whites in the south were left without people to work their plantations. Slavery was indeed a very important topic during this time. Many of the reconstruction plans that were proposed required states to prohibit slavery in order to be readmitted to the Union. When the Civil War ended in 1865, there was no definite plan for reconstructing the Union. This was a very serious matter. President Lincoln had begun thinking about this while he was in office. In 1863 he proposed his Ten Percent Plan. This policy would allow seceding states to return to the Union if ten percent of their prewar voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union and if the state would prohibit slavery. Although the plan forced states to prohibit slavery it did not force them to grant equal rights to blacks. The Ten Percent Plan was a good idea but some Republicans felt that it was not strict enough. This paved the way for the Wade-Davis Bill. This bill required the majority of a states prewar voters to pledge loyalty to the Union and that blacks were seen as equal in the eyes of the law. These plans led to controversy. Some people felt that because the constitution never mentioned succession, the states never actually seceded the Union so they didnt need to be formally readmitted. Others felt that the states from the South had given up their rights once they left the Union so they must be readmitted. Upon the close of the Civil War, Congress was not in session. They would not meet again until December. This left the burden of developing a reconstruction plan on the shoulders of President Andrew Johnson. So in May of 1865 Johnsons Reconstruction Plan was unveiled. Under this plan, Johnson gave pardons and restored property rights to former white landowners if they pledged loyalty to the Union and the Constitution. Southerners that held prominent positions in the Confederacy and had more than $20,000 worth of taxable land had to ask the president directly for a pardon. Johnsons Plan had nothing to say about the rights of blacks after the war. Most Northern Democrats favored Johnsons Plan. However Southerners were not so impressed. Many of the southern states accepted Johnsons plan but some of them attacked the black rights issue. Some states would not ratify the thirteenth amendment. None of the southern states would allow blacks to vote. In late 1865 the southern states revised their slave codes into what became know as the black codes. This basically stripped blacks of every right and justice that was due to them. Since Johnsons plan did not address the rights and liberties of blacks, the southern states took it into their own hands to create their own laws regarding blacks. When Congress met again they began to fight for the rights of blacks. They responded to the black codes by passing the Civil Rights Act of 1866. President Johnson vetoed the bill but Congress overruled his veto with a 2/3 majority vote. Congress view of President Johnson began to deteriorate. The Military Reconstruction Acts did not go over well with President Johnson. He vetoed the bill, however the Radical Republicans passed it over Johnsons veto. Racial Profiling Essay These acts began in 1867 and began what was known as Radical Reconstruction. Under this plan the south was divided into five districts. Excluding Tennessee because they had already been readmitted into the Union. Each of the districts were headed by a general. The main goal of the leader was to increase voter registration of blacks and to see to it that white confederates did not get back into office as they were before. The new voters .

Misunderstanding Electronic Mail free essay sample

This paper looks at some of the issues surrounding the use of electronic mail. This paper looks at the question of how to correctly format your e-mail and attempts to illustrate proper form and usage. The author breaks down all of the components of an e-mail into different sections in order to help the user understand and identity problems that arise. The paper looks at the From line, To line, Date line, Subject line, the greeting, message body, and closing, as well as the importance of ones signature at the end of the message. In each of these sections, the author details some of the common mistakes people make and offers creative solutions to these potential problems. Overall, his opening, body, and closing are acceptable, and dont really send any hidden messages, except his first word, Hi could be interpreted in the sense that he and Kathie, the messages intended recipient, know each other, as opposed to using a more formal form, the word hello, for example. We will write a custom essay sample on Misunderstanding Electronic Mail or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, his first paragraph could be misconstrued as rude because he lists off many discussion list platforms, each followed by a question mark, then explains that there are hundreds. The way this could be misconstrued is if, on first reading, someone thought he was being sarcastic. The rest of the e-mail clears that up however, as his tone gets more formal and more polite.

Trabajo en Estados Unidos - Opciones legales

Trabajo en Estados Unidos - Opciones legales El trabajo en Estados Unidos puede ser desempeà ±ado legalmente no sà ³lo por los ciudadanos,sino tambià ©n por los extranjeros que son residentes permanentes legales. Y por los que son titulares de visas temporales de trabajo o de permisos de trabajo. Existen varias opciones para conseguir tanto la codiciada tarjeta de residencia permanente como las visas y los permisos de trabajo. Debe tomarse en cuenta que a la hora de encontrar patrocinador de visa de trabajo, en los estados con menor tasa de desempleo puede ser ms fcil. Estas son todas las opciones migratorias que permiten trabajar legalmente en USA: Ciudadanos estadounidenses Los ciudadanos pueden desempeà ±arse laboralmente en cualquier trabajo para el que reà ºnan las calificaciones necesarias. La ciudadanà ­a la disfrutan todas las personas nacidas en Estados Unidos y las naturalizadas tras cinco aà ±os como residentes permanentes legales, o tres para el caso de los cà ³nyuges de estadounidenses. Residentes permanentes legales Son los titulares de una green card o tarjeta de residencia. Los residentes pueden vivir y trabajar en Estados Unidos de por vida, siempre que conserven la residencia fà ­sica en el paà ­s. En determinados casos, como condena por determinados delitos, la residencia puede perderse y el extranjero ser deportado. No todos los trabajos estn abiertos para los residentes permanentes. Por ejemplo, es muy comà ºn que en trabajos relacionados con la seguridad o defensa de Estados Unidos se exija un determinado pase de seguridad (security clearance) que sà ³lo se concede a ciudadanos. Adems, en cualquiera de las cuatro ramas del Ejà ©rcito (Tierra, Mar, Aire y Marines) hay determinadas posiciones para los que estn excluidos todos los extranjeros.Y por supuesto que el requisito de la ciudadanà ­a tambià ©n puede ser requerido por las empresas privadas. Hay varios caminos para obtener una green card. Desde peticiones de la tarjeta para extranjeros realizadas por sus familiares estadounidenses o residentes permanentes a solicitudes por parte de empresas, pasando por una loterà ­a anual de 50,000 residencias. Una vez que se tiene la green card se puede buscar trabajo legalmente a travà ©s de familiares, amigos o recurriendo a bases de datos o empresas especialista en buscar empleo. Visas de trabajo temporal para extranjeros cualificados A pesar de la crisis econà ³mica, hay trabajo en Estados Unidos para los profesionales con ciertas cualificaciones. Esta categorà ­a comprende a un nà ºmero amplio de visas que permiten a sus titulares trabajar por un tiempo determinado en EEUU. Destacan, entre otras, la H-1B para profesionales o modelos, aunque en los à ºltimos aà ±os hay tantas solicitudes que, salvo excepciones para algunas situaciones, es preciso realizar una  loterà ­a de visas H-1B   Adems, existe la L, para transferencias de empleados de una multinacional, la G-4 para trabajadores de organizaciones internacionales con oficinas en Estados Unidos, o la O para personas con habilidades especiales. Cada tipo de visa tiene su propia normativa. Como consecuencia, puede haber grandes diferencias entre una y otra en cuestiones como duracià ³n, posibilidad de aplicar o no para una tarjeta de residencia, permiso de empleo o no para los cà ³nyuges de los titulares principales de las visas o, incluso, la posibilidad de cambiar de empresa. Es muy importante que los extranjeros que disfrutan de visas conozcan las condiciones de las mismas. Visas de trabajo en Estados Unido para extranjeros sin calificaciones La visa H-2B  permite la contratacià ³n de extranjeros para desempeà ±ar labores temporales no agrà ­colas para los que no hay suficientes estadounidenses o residentes permanentes dispuestos a realizarlas. Estas visas se conceden generalmente por un aà ±o, ampliable hasta un mximo de tres y se utilizan para cubrir puestos de trabajo de naturaleza temporal en sectores como los parques de atracciones, resorts de montaà ±a, estaciones de ski o playas. El proceso para contratar a extranjeros con una visa H-2B debe iniciarlo la empresa empleadora estadounidense mediante el relleno de la planilla  I-129. Sà ³lo los ciudadanos de determinados paà ­ses pueden beneficiarse de este tipo de visas. El listado es publicado por el Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y, en la actualidad, comprende los siguientes paà ­ses hispanohablantes: Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Espaà ±a, Guatemala, Honduras, Mà ©xico, Nicaragua, Perà º, Repà ºblica Dominicana y Uruguay. Existe un là ­mite de visas H-2B que se pueden conceder por aà ±o fiscal, habià ©ndose establecido en 66,000, pudià ©ndose conceder 33,000 en los seis primeros meses e igual nà ºmero en los seis à ºltimos. Por otro lado, las visas C1/D permiten ingresar a EE.UU. para embarcar como trabajar en un crucero, para lo que frecuentemente se recurre a agencias especializadas en este tipo de empleo. Los salarios son competitivos y, como regla general, superiores al salario mà ­nimo en EE.UU. Visas de trabajo en Estados Unidos en labores agrà ­colas Las visas H-2A se conceden a extranjeros para trabajar en puestos de trabajo relacionados con el campo y se conceden por un aà ±o, que se puede extender hasta tres. Adems, el trabajador que disfrute de esta visa puede viajar a Estados Unidos acompaà ±ado por su cà ³nyuge e hijos. En este visado, que se conoce como el programa de trabajadores huà ©sped agrà ­colas, la empresa o el empleador americano que solicita a un trabajador extranjero debern garantizar que à ©ste recibe el mismo salario y disfruta de las mismas condiciones laborales que los trabajadores estadounidenses que realicen labores similares. Adems, debern proveerle con alojamiento gratuito, comidas a bajo precio, si esa es la costumbre en el lugar, y boleto pagado de ida y vuelta desde su paà ­s de origen. Al igual que ocurre con las visas H-2B, sà ³lo los ciudadanos de determinados paà ­ses pueden recibir estas visas. En la actualidad comprende a los siguientes paà ­ses: Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador,Espaà ±a, Guatemala, Honduras, Mà ©xico, Nicaragua, Perà º, Repà ºblica Dominicana y Uruguay. Y a diferencia de lo que aplica a la H-2B, en las visas temporales de naturaleza agrà ­cola no existe un cupo mximo anual de visados que se pueden conceder. Los inmigrantes con visa H-2A y H-2B deben ser pagados  el salario mà ­nimo o ms. Para los que buscan trabajo, este es un listado de ms de 60 reclutadores mexicanos de trabajadores temporeros para trabajar en Estados Unidos con visas H-2A y H-2B. Estudiantes internacionales En determinadas condiciones, los estudiantes internacionales podrn obtener un permiso de trabajo que ser emitido por el USCIS. Debern confirmar que pueden trabajar con el oficial de la escuela o universidad a cargo de los estudiantes internacionales (DSO, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Conviene subrayar que cualquier actividad laboral por la que se cobre dinero que se realice sin tener un permiso de trabajo supone una violacià ³n de la visa. Visitantes de intercambio Comprende una gran variedad de posibilidades bajo el amparo de las visas J, conocidas como de intercambio. Por ejemplo, au pairs, profesores y maestros, mà ©dicos, consejeros de campamentos de verano, prcticas al acabar los estudios e, incluso, estudiantes de secundaria. Las condiciones de trabajo estn fijadas en la visa. Permiso de trabajo en Estados Unidos Las personas que se encuentran, entre otras, en situacià ³n de asilo, solicitantes de asilo, acogidos a un Programa de Proteccià ³n Temporal (TPS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), refugiados, o sean personas procesando un ajuste de estatus para conseguir una green card pueden solicitarle al USCIS un Permiso de Autorizacià ³n de Trabajo (EAD, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Tambià ©n pueden aplicar, en determinadas circunstancias, las và ­ctimas de violencia domà ©stica. Este es un listado completo de quià ©nes pueden solicitar un permiso de trabajo. Visas TN para mexicanos y canadienses Bajo el amparo del Tratado de Libre Comercio de Norteamà ©rica (NAFTA), mexicanos y canadienses pueden disfrutar de visas para trabajar en Estados Unidos que se otorgan por un periodo inicial de hasta tres aà ±os. Un listado seà ±ala publicado en la pgina oficial de NAFTA seà ±ala 60 profesiones que permiten aplicar. Puede acompaà ±ar al titular de la visa su cà ³nyuge e hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os, quienes no podrn trabajar en Estados Unidos. Trabajo al crear empleo con visa de inversià ³n Son los casos de la E-1 para negocios de import/export y la E-2 para los dems casos. las personas interesadas en esta visa deben comenzar a informarse sobre de quà © paà ­ses hay que tener un pasaporte para poder solicitarla y sobre cunto dinero hay que invertir y cà ³mo entender este requisito. Empresas e instituciones patrocinadoras Como en la mayorà ­a de los casos de visas o green card por trabajo se necesita una empresa que patrocine, es de interà ©s conocer las 100 que patrocinan  ms visas H-1B  y las 100 que patrocinan ms green cards.   A tener en cuenta cuando la visa tarda mucho Los trmites con Inmigracià ³n pueden demorarse mucho ms de lo esperado. Pero cuando se excede el tiempo habitual para un procedimiento en concreto cabe la posibilidad de demandar mediante un writ of mandamus (consultar con un abogado). Otras opciones diferentes a Estados Unidos Es cierto que Estados Unidos es un paà ­s que atrae a millones de migrantes permanentes y temporales, pero no es el à ºnico. Canad tambià ©n es un destino favorito de migrantes. Este es un listado de ms de 300 profesiones que pueden acceder a un sistema exprà ©s para emigrar.   Finalmente, este es un listado de 20 paà ­ses en los que es posible comprar el pasaporte o la tarjeta de residencia a cambio de una cantidad de dinero.   Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Here Are Six Tips for Reporters Covering Press Conferences

Here Are Six Tips for Reporters Covering Press Conferences Spend more than five minutes in the news business and youll be asked to cover a press conference. Theyre a regular occurrence in the life of any reporter, so you need to be able to cover them - and cover them well. But for the beginner, a press conference can be tough to cover. Press conferences tend to move quickly and often dont last very long, so you may have very little time to get the information you need. Another challenge for the beginning reporter is figuring out the lede of a press conference story. So here are six tips for covering press conferences. 1. Come Armed with Questions As we said, press conferences move quickly, so youll need to have your questions ready ahead of time. Arrive with some questions already prepared. And really listen to the answers. 2. Ask Your Best Questions Once the speaker starts taking questions, its often a free-for-all, with multiple reporters shouting out their queries. You may only get one or two of your questions into the mix, so pick your best ones and ask those. And be ready to ask tough follow-up questions. 3. Be Aggressive If Necessary Any time you get a bunch of reporters in one room, all asking questions at the same time, its bound to be a crazy scene. And reporters are by their nature competitive people. So when you go to a press conference, be prepared to be a bit pushy in order to get your questions answered. Shout if you need to. Push your way to the front of the room if you must. Above all, remember - only the strong survive at a press conference. 4. Forget the PR Speak - Focus On the News Corporations, politicians, sports teams and celebrities often try to use press conferences as public relations tools. In other words, they want reporters to put the most positive spin possible on whats being said at the press conference. But its the reporters job to ignore the PR talk and get to the truth of the matter. So if the CEO announces that his company has just suffered its worst losses ever, but in the next breath says he thinks the future is bright, forget about the bright future - the real news is the huge losses, not the PR sugarcoating. 5. Press the Speaker Dont let the speaker at a press conference get away with making broad generalizations that arent supported by facts. Question the basis for the statements they make, and get specifics. For instance, if the mayor of your town announces he plans to cut taxes while at the same time increasing municipal services, your first question should be: how can the town provide more services with less revenue? Likewise, if that CEO whose company has just lost billions says hes upbeat about the future, ask him why - how can he expect that things will get better when the company is clearly in trouble? Again, get him to be specific. 6. Dont Be Intimidated Whether youre covering a press conference with the mayor, the governor or the president, dont let yourself be intimidated by their power or stature. Thats what they want. Once youre intimidated, youll stop asking tough questions, and remember, its your job to ask tough questions of the most powerful people in our society.

Building on the Work of Others as an Integral Part of Originality Essay - 4

Building on the Work of Others as an Integral Part of Originality - Essay Example According to the research findings, the definition of original could be something like â€Å"builds off of previous works in the field to make something new in some important way.† The reason creating a definition of original has to focus on using other people’s ideas is that using someone else’s ideas *has* to be part of creating anything new. Otherwise, creation will just be a constant process of reinventing the wheel. This is a problem in several important ways. Firstly, creating something new, that is not based on someone else’s ideas, takes a lot more time and effort – imagine what the world would be like if every single person who wanted to use the computer had to invent their own language for programming it, their own operating systems and so on. So the process of progress, of creating new thing has to use other people’s ideas to save time and energy, and actually, have time to do something new or original with it. Without this time sa ving it would be nearly impossible to actually spend any time on a true invention. Not only does creating something from scratch take a great deal more time than using other people’s ideas and building off of them, but it also actually helps promote original things (that is, things that look different or operate differently from what came before them). If someone was trying to design a car, for instance, without ever having looked at a car before, they would probably create something that looked a great deal like early automobiles, because those were simple and natural designs. But if someone were to look at cutting-edge designs like a 2012 Porsche or Cadillac, use those as a starting point, and then move forward by adding or subtracting features, streamlining here or making more elegant there, then the work would look different than what came before.

Business research and writing Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business and writing - Research Paper Example Effective Corporate Social Responsibility is also an important asset to acquiring critical stakeholder resources. Consequently, firms who have greater and easier access to required resources are expected to be better positioned to exploit the cost structure benefits of organizational efficiency and thus more likely to gain a performance advantage over their respective competitors. This examination should assist CEO, manager and senior firm officers strategize for our organization in this age of social responsiveness. Most prominently, the arguments and results garnered here lend support for the organizational benefit of effective CSR. It outlines a path from ethical and social performance to financial performance superiority, and demonstrates that firm may use CSR and more specifically the intangible Corporate Social Reputation that it promotes, as a substantive element in deriving a workplace efficiency and subsequent competitive advantage. Scenario No. 7 Introduction Organizations today face increasingly multifaceted, and often competing, motives and incentives in their decision making. More and more people, including consumers and investors, feel that corporations owe something to their worker and the communities in which they operative which may entail sacrificing some profit at times. Organization’s ethically and socially responsible practices, commonly referred as corporate social responsibilities (CSR), have been shown to be advantageous. Furthermore, research has also claimed that being more ethical and socially responsible in business increases efficiency in the workplace. The Chief Executive Officer of the company has asked the author to research above claims. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to review available literature and recommend CSR policies to assist managers and senior firm officers strategize for organization. Corporate Reputation An organization can improve corporate reputation at the same time while working toward establish ing CSR, whether through incorporating higher human rights standards or by addressing environmental connections in the work ethic (Gaines-Ross, 2007; Speth & Haas, 2006). Reebok found that by incorporating internationally recognized human rights standards into its business practice it achieved improved worker morale, a better working environment, and higher-quality products (Holliday et al., 2002, p. 111). Manufacturing industries adopting sustainable measures are collaborating with institutions that support sustainable guidelines and are also improving and protecting their corporate reputations (Gaines-Ross, 2007; Grayson & Hodges, 2004; Holliday et al., 2002). According to Russell (2006), organizations that save money by cutting corners at the cost to the planet will be recognized as poor performers, which will ultimately affect the organization as incidents of environmental disaster will continue to linger in the minds of consumers. For example, in September 2006, the Dutch compa ny, Trafigura Beheer, which unloaded toxic sludge on the coast of Africa, killing 7 and making 50,000 people ill, has experienced the backlash from consumers for its poor decision (Gore, 2006; Russell, 2006). Trafigura Beheer focused on the financial cost associated with disposing of the toxic waste product and chose an easier method (Gore, 2006). The mistake made to ship the waste to Abidjan instead of processing it ethically has desecrated the company's

The Lack of Evolution in the Detective Genre Essay Example for Free

The Lack of Evolution in the Detective Genre Essay Sherlock Holmes is probably the most famous detective in literary history. Therefore, it is not surprising that many authors in the 20th century have followed Sir Arthur Conan Doyles template when writing detective stories. For example, Agatha Christies character Hercule Poirot is nearly identical to Holmes. In this essay, I will compare The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Hercule Poirots Christmas by Agatha Christie, two basically similar novels, which are clear examples of the detective genre. In doing so, I hope to prove that the basic elements of detective stories, such as the detective, his methods and the feeling of suspense, have remained unchanged over the years. Firstly, the most obvious point of comparison lies in the many similarities between the two main characters, the detectives, Holmes and Poirot. Both of them are quite vain and self-obsessed. Near the beginning, they are constantly taunting or bragging to their companions. For example, when Holmes proves that one of Watsons theories is incorrect, he says No mention of that local hunt, Watson with a mischievous smile, gently mocking him. Earlier on, he also says in noting your fallacies, I was occasionally guided towards the truth. Although this might be interpreted as a compliment, I believe that this is a very pretentious remark, which reflects Holmes vain and egotistical nature. Poirot on the other hand, does not taunt Colonel Johnson as Holmes taunts Watson. However, he does have a very high opinion of himself, and is just as arrogant as Holmes if not more so. When Colonel Johnson says that they ought to be safe enough (from murder cases) during your (Poirots) visit, Poirot begins to reply My reputation- before he is interrupted by Johnson mentioning Christmas time, peace, goodwill-and all that kind of thing. Poirot clearly believes that it is his reputation which will prevent any murders from being committed, when Johnson actually means that the goodwill of the people is what will prevent them. This is an interesting contrast in the depiction of the two detectives vanity. Doyle, through Watsons eyes, shows his idol, Holmes to be infallible, but shows Holmes vanity in his criticism of Watson. Christie on the other hand, shows Poirots vanity by creating a situation where he almost makes a fool of himself. Johnson however, does not respond to Poirots comment. Clearly, Christie does not want to openly humiliate Poirot.

You Will Always be in My Heart :: Love Letters Dating Email Relationships

Dear Anthony, I just wanted to thank you for all that you have done for me. I don't think you realize how much you inspire me and I am so proud of the person you've become and are still becoming. I understand you've been through a lot and you haven't made the best choices, but I can see that you have grown. Truthfully, I've known from the first time I met you to now, that you were a strong person. You are so full of wisdom about life that when you speak I could stay there forever and listen to your open mind, for it is peaceful and inviting. Anthony, you have become my awakening, you have helped me see things in a brighter way, happier, and more enlightening way. I was once drowning from my own fears, completely cynical about love, hope, and security. I used to think that no one understood me and never would. Then one day before I knew you personally, you came into my thoughts and I wasn't sure why you were there. Suddenly I felt reassured and a smile was brought to my face. I believe deep down that I loved you then. When I got to know you better a year later I realized I wasn't alone and that something inside of you was what constantly brought tears to my own eyes. I went through a time in my life where I felt worthless and unloved and I continuously searched for happiness. I wasn't getting along with my family, and my friends were all hating each other, leaving me in the middle, stressfully trying to pull things together. You made me laugh and forget everything that was going on. That year you became my escape, my survival. I don't think I could have made it through as strong as I did if it weren't for you. Anthony, I thank you for all the fun times we have spent together even if they were short lived. Over the years I have come to the conclusion that you must have been an angel sent by God to help me grieve and become a strong willed woman because no one has ever been able to help me see the light like you could. Clouds of darkness shadowed over me no matter what anyone else would say, but you made me smile with just your presence. You didn't have to say a word; everything was okay when you were beside me.

Ethics of Hydraulic Fracturing Essay

Large gas companies have been wreaking havoc on Midwestern United States. These companies’ practices of hydraulic fracturing have been very detrimental to the local populace. Hydraulic fracturing has been known to damage the environment through earthquakes and gas spills. In addition, it has been said that these companies have certain law exemptions that only they enjoy. These unsafe practices have contaminated local’s water supplies. There have even been cases where people have been able to light the water from their faucets on fire. Stricter government regulation should be enforced on these gas companies. Hydraulic Fracturing, or fracking, has recently (in the last ten years) been used extensively by gas companies (â€Å"The Facts About Fracking†). Fracking involves drilling down below shale formations (over a thousand feet) in the ground and pumping water, sand, and chemicals until the rock fractures. When the rock fractures it releases natural gas that can be collected at very inexpensive cost. The problem is that this can contaminate local water supplies, including lakes, ponds, streams, rivers, and ground water. The documentary Gasland stirred up interest in the American population to the effects of fracking. After being offered one hundred thousand dollars for his land from a gas company, the director Josh Fox traveled around America investigating the effects of fracking on the local rural populace. Josh Fox did an excellent job at exposing the gas industry for what it really is. The film won an Oscar nomination and has been praised by environmentalists nation-wide. One of the environmentally damaging effects of hydraulic fracturing is that it has been known to cause earthquakes. Reports of minor tremors of no greater than 2. 8 on the Richter scale were reported on June 2, 2009 in Cleburne, Texas, the first in the town’s 140-year history† (Fox). On the other side of the argument, they claim â€Å"Given the ubiquity of fracking without seismic impact, the risks would seem to be remote† (â€Å"The Facts About Fracking†). This is irrelevant considering that earthquakes are happening where they otherwise would not have occurred. In addition to earthquakes, they also damage the environment by causing environmentally damaging oil spills. In the past two years alone, a series of surface spills, including two blowouts at wells operated by Chesapeake Energy and EOG Resources and a spill of 8000 gallons of fracking fluid at a site in Dimock, Pa. , have contaminated groundwater in the Marcellus Shale region. The amount of water required to drill all 2916 of the Marcellus wells permitted in Pennsylvania in the first 11 months of 2010 would equal the amount of drinking water used by just one city, Pittsburgh, during the same period, says environmental engineering professor Jeanne VanBriesen (qtd. n McGraw). Spills like these cause water contamination for the locals. In this case, a large portion of the spilled fracking fluid flowed into a nearby stream (McGraw). The level of contamination is still being investigated. These irresponsible and selfish practices must be regulated before irreversible collateral and environmental damage occurs. Gas companies have even been able to exploit certain loopholes in the law. An employee from the Environmental Protection Agency stated that the fracking industry enjoy certain legal exemptions from the Clean Water Act – courtesy of Dick Cheney (qtd. in Fox). The federal Energy Policy Act of 2005 contained a provision that has come to be known as the â€Å"Halliburton Loophole,† an exemption for gas drilling and extraction from requirements in the underground injection control (UIC) program of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Other exemptions are also present in the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act (Fox). This is an injustice to the local people whose water has been contaminated by these companies. If the government will not regulate these large companies, what will stop these large companies? Furthermore, chemicals contaminating the locals’ water supply have been shown to be a serious health risk. It is reported that â€Å"Last year the EPA found that some chemicals known to be used in fracturing were among the contaminants detected in 11 residential drinking water wells†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lustgarten). These chemicals have even been known to be carcinogenic (Lustgarten). Contaminated groundwater becomes a problem for locals when their cattle have to drink the contaminated water. There are even cases of sick animals where all their hair falls out (Fox). Many farmers worry about the welfare of their cattle’s health which is sometimes their only source of income (Fox). Landowners in shale gas drilling areas have reported foul smells in tap water, and toxic chemicals, such as benzene, have been detected in water from wells near drilling sites (Fox). In addition, there are cases of air pollution from the machinery from the drill sites (Fox). Many claim that the air pollution is the cause of a lot of cancer in the locals (Fox). In Dish, Texas, Mayor Calvin Tillman claimed that the fracking industry created carcinogenic pollution in his town (â€Å"The Facts About Fracking†). He then quit his job and left his hometown to protect his sons from this pollution (â€Å"The Facts About Fracking†). These unsafe practices can be very harmful to the local rural populace, and must be regulated. Scientific studies have shown that the drilling has caused local drinking water to be contaminated with methane. In fact, it has been shown that locals can light their water on fire. â€Å"â€Å"Our results show evidence for methane contamination of shallow drinking water systems in at least three areas of the region and suggest important environmental risks accompanying shale gas exploration worldwide. A scientific study has linked natural gas drilling and hydraulic fracturing with a pattern of drinking water contamination so severe that some faucets can be lit on fire. While most of the wells had some methane, the water samples taken closest to the gas wells had on average 17 times the levels detected in wells further from active drilling† (Lustgarten). This shows that their gas drilling in fact causes this contamination. The contamination can get so bad that it directly affects the local’s safety. There is a case that is being investigated where a large portion of a river is highly contaminated from seeping methane gas; it is so highly contaminated that all wildlife has died along a large portion of the river (Fox). Along the banks of the river are dead bodies of birds, squirrels, and other wildlife (Fox). One local even claims that her father died from drinking the water many years earlier (Fox). In Josh Fox’s documentary, it shows a clip of someone lighting seeping gas coming out of the ground on fire (Fox). â€Å"In several cases, homes blew up after gas seeped into their basements or water supplies. In Pennsylvania, a 2004 accident killed three people, including a baby† (Lustgarten). This irresponsible, disregard for basic human rights must be stopped. Large corporations that run free and unregulated will do whatever it takes for their own gain. The local rural populace has been very badly affected by the practices of hydraulic fracturing. It is clearly shown that these locals are not being heard and little is being done for compensation for the locals (Fox). These gas companies have too much freedom to operate and must be put to stricter government regulation. The question is not whether we should frack or not, but rather how do we regulate these practices to minimize the collateral and environmental damage.

Human Relations Case Study

Human Relations Human relations can be defined as a study of group behavior for the purpose of improving interpersonal and social relationships in work environment. In order to improve work productivity, achieve successful teamwork and understand the importance of managing people, it is necessary for managers to develop appropriate ways how to do it. Human relations management has become a concern of many companies. To increase work productivity each company must create a way how to motivate their employees, see them as individuals and not machines, and provide them with good working conditions.Since human being is the main key factor of the organization, managers should always be encouraged to seek for new opportunities for the company growth. Human relations movement approach was started and established by Elton Mayo – a Harvard professor who is most famous for the well-known Hawthorne studies experiment at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company in Chicago,USA. Mayo conducted and analyzed the experiment for several years. The intention of the experiment was to investigate the relationship between work conditions and productivity by examining environmental influences at workplace.After a while experiment moved on to the psychological aspects as well. During this research, new approaches to motivation, social relations and employee care were developed in order to increase work performance and productivity. Experiment gave an opportunity to understand human behavior in groups and their needs in work environment. The experiment had four stages- illumination studies, relay assembly test room, interviewing process and bank wiring observation room. For the first stage, there were selected workers from the Hawthorne plant. Workers were separated in groups and placed under the eye of supervisor in separate test rooms.The idea was to research and determine relationship between illumination in workplace and employee work efficiency, by increasing or decr easing lighting in the test rooms. The final results were confusing and everyone thought that the experiment has failed, because despite of the increase or decrease of lighting-productivity has been increased or stayed the same at all times. Researchers tried to figure out different theories, why it has happened. The general conclusion was that illumination is not the most important factor of output. After this stage change in employee’s behavior was discovered, workers felt important and knew that the work erformance will be researched. Researchers decided to call this phenomenon as Hawthorne effect. This unusual effect is still noticeable in nowadays and it has a big role in human relations management. For example, clinical research organizations- when patients are randomized for the trial, organization is subordinating patients for the Hawthorne effect. Patient health is studied for a long period of time and special attention is received from many employees. Clinical trial organizations usually choose two randomization options for patients-giving the actual trial medicine or the placebo medicine, which is not a real treatment.In most of the cases, clinical trial measures can result either in true or false improvement, which is caused by Hawthorne effect. In clinical research industry important factor is not only scientific, but also psychological effect, because without investigating human factors, finding necessary answers would be much harder, if the theory would be based only on scientific and medical impacts. The second stage of the experiment was relay assembly test room. Again there were selected people from the Hawthorn plant and divided in groups.This stage was conducted to investigate importance of working hours, lunch breaks, rest periods, wages etc. There were numerous questions that needed to be answered in order to understand how to manage efficient working day. That is why researchers kept changing rest periods, work weeks, wages, super visory practices etc. This stage had the same effect as the illumination stage- no matter what change researchers introduced; productivity either increased or stayed the same. After this stage the most important conclusion was that material gains are not as important as the social processes at the workplace.Every company must pay attention to employee well being, in order to establish positive working conditions and improve employee motivation scheme. One of the most popular motivation programs in nowadays is the â€Å"Employee of the month† title. Organizations make effort to analyze employee’s accomplishments every month. That is a simple way how to say â€Å"thank you† for the effort that has been made and motivate for even more successful results by granting workers with the special title and, in some cases, even with material bonus. The third stage at the Hawthorne plant was interview process.Over 21,000 of employees were interviewed by the time of three ye ars to find out the reasons for the increased productivity in previous two stages. Questionnaires were about everything what affect employees working conditions. Workers were allowed to talk about anything, but not always the answers were truthful or useful for the experiment. During the interviews Mayo thought that he had spread his research too wide and too far, because many of the answers were too vague. At the end of the interviews, researchers were surprised by the unpredictable results again.Investigators came to revelation that employees started to reveal more of personal facts, by the time of interviewing. Rather than giving direct answers, workers chose to speak about their personal life details and issues. After this stage became clear, that each person has their own individuality and important fact for the employers is to create certain trainings and interview processes-applicable for every employee. Also it is important to create surveys for employees and clients as well , to make sure that the company is moving forward, not backwards.For example, worldwide hotel â€Å"Premier Inn† has created survey called â€Å"Your say† (Premier Inn, 2011), which is a short questionnaire for employees and guests. By asking questions about the guest satisfactory level, â€Å"Premier Inn† can summarize information and create a plan how to avoid from biggest mistakes and also consider guest recommendations. Survey is also for employees-to make sure every single employee is satisfied and after the survey there is possibility to organize meetings and discuss negative or positive outcomes of their responsibilities.Most of the companies use these surveys in nowadays, to strengthen and improve their business. The last stage at the bank wiring room in Chicago was conducted to study behavior of the workers in informal groups, and research the social structure and its importance at the workplace. Overall conclusion for this stage: when humans interact w ith each other for a long period of time, various social structures are being created. Work productivity is affected by social processes at workplace, which is why important factor in every organization is communication.Many companies use informal meetings to strengthen employees, by creating different team building programs, so employees doesn’t feel like that is a compulsory task to attend. Overall, the main characteristics of the Hawthorne experiment theory are still noticeable in nowadays. Motivation, social relations, employee care/needs in work environment and behavior of groups are the basics of the human relations movement. Elton Mayo’s experiment was a major historical event and even though Hawthorne studies received a lot of criticism, it was a huge step in human relations management.While Scientific Management looked at technology and processes, Mayo found that the real key to high productivity lies within the people and â€Å"work units,† or groups, in the organization (Odportal 2011). Human satisfaction will always lead to productivity, which is why communication at workplace is important factor to achieve positive results. Also motivated workers are always more committed to their job-this was one of the most important characteristics in Hawthorne experiment. Without human relations theory, working conditions would be slightly different nowadays.Every person has their own individuality and needs, why it is important for organizations to take care of employees, make their own researches and seek for different options how to keep employees interested and motivated at all times. References 1. A Fast Learner’s Guide to Leadership. The Human Relations Movement. http://www. odportal. com/leadership/fastlearner/humanrelations. html -accessed 01/11/2011 [i. p. 1] 2. Guest Recommend Survey http://www. premierinn. com/en/why/contact_us/guest-recommend-survey. html – accessed 01/11/2011 [i. p. 1]

Effects of Haussmanns Renovation of Paris essays

Effects of Haussmann's Renovation of Paris essays The city of Paris is currently the most visited city in the world, attracting people from all corners of the Earth to marvel in both the physical and intangible beauty of the City of Light. Paris' current infamy as a romantic, idealized city is due mostly to the ambition of Georges-Eugne Haussmann, a French civic planner of the 1860's who brought the vision of then emperor Louis-Napolon Bonaparte to reality. Together, these two men underwent the massive renovation of the city of Paris to highlight the imperial extravagance of the physical city and to make necessary infrastructural changes to the urban space. Ultimately, Haussmann's renovation of Paris highlighted monuments, changed and cleaned up the streets and revolutionized the dynamic of the city to increase the quality of life for Parisians for centuries to come. While many of the changes made to Paris were Napolon's ideas, it was Georges- Eugne Haussmann who is responsible for actually making them happen. In Adolphe Yvon's painting1 of Haussmann and Napolon, the relationship between the two men is seen as equal. This is unusual for art of this time period, for the king or emperor of the time is most often glorified above others in the work of art. While Napolon is certainly not represented poorly, the two men are still represented as equals, likely a more accurate representation of the roles they played opposite each other in the process of the city's renovation. Haussmann's enthusiasm for the undertaking is also represented in the painting. Haussmann is eagerly looking at the emperor as he leans in toward him confidently across the table. He seems very ready to do his bidding and focused on the massive project ahead of them. Napoleon's plans focused many changes around immortalizing the physical examples of the imperial nature of his city. Haussmann recognized the rise of automobiles and increasing traffic levels when design...

Places in the Iliad - Towns, Cities, Rivers, and More

Places in the Iliad - Towns, Cities, Rivers, and More In this list of places in The Iliad, youll find towns, cities, rivers, and some of the groups of people involved on either the Trojan or Greek side of the Trojan War. Abantes: people from Euboea (island near Athens).Abii: a tribe from the north of Hellas.Abydos: a city near Troy, on the Hellespont.Achaea: mainland Greece.Achelous: a river in northern Greece.Achelous: a river in Asia Minor.Adresteia: a town north of Troy.Aegae: in Achaea, location of Poseidons underwater palace.Aegialus: a town in Paphlagonia.Aegilips: a region of Ithaca.Aegina: an island off the Argolid.Aegium: a town ruled by Agamemnon.Aenus: a town in Thrace.Aepea: a city ruled by Agamemnon.Aesepus : a river flowing near Troy from Mt. Ida to the sea.Aetolians: those living in Aetolia, an area of north-central Greece.Aipy: a town ruled by Nestor.Aisyme: a town in Thrace.Aithices: the inhabitants of a region of Thessaly.Alesium: a town of the Epeians (in northern Peloponnese).Alope: a town in Pelasgian Argos.Alos: a town in Pelasgian Argos.Alpheius: a river in the Peloponnese: near Thryoessa.Alybe: a town of the Halizoni.Amphigenea: a town ruled by Nestor.Amydon: a town of the Pae onians (in north-eastern Greece). Amyclae: a town of Lacedaemon, ruled by Menelaus.Anemorea: a town in Phocis (in central Greece).Anthedon: a town in Boeotia.Antheia: a city ruled by Agamemnon.Antrum: a town in Thessaly.Apaesus: a town to the north of Troy.Araethyrea: a town ruled by Agamemnon.Arcadia: a region in central Peloponnese.Arcadians: inhabitants of Arcadia.Arene: a town ruled by Nestor.Argissa: a town in Thessaly.Argives: see Achaeans.Argolid: area in the north-west Peloponnese.Argos : town in northern Peloponnese ruled by Diomedes.Argos: a large area ruled by Agamemnon.Argos: a general term for the homeland of Achaeans generally (i.e., mainland Greece and Peloponnese).Argos: a region in north-east Greece, part of the kingdom of Peleus (sometimes called Pelasgian Argos).Arimi: people living in theregion where the monster Typhoeus lies underground.Arisbe: a town on the Hellespont, north of Troy.Arne: a town in Boeotia; home of Menesthius.Ascania: a region in Phrygia.Asine: a town in the Argolid.Asopus: a ri ver in Boeotia. Aspledon: a city of the Minyans.Asterius: a town in Thessaly.Athens: a town in Attica.Athos: promontory in northern Greece.Augeiae: a town in Locris (in central Greece).Augeiae: a town in Lacedaemon, ruled by Menelaus.Aulis: the place in Boeotia where the Achaean fleet assembled for the Trojan expedition.Axius: a river in Paeonia (in north-eastern Greece).Batieia: a mound in the plain in front of Troy (also called tomb of Myrine).Bear: constellation (also called the Wain): depicted on Achilles shield.Bessa: a town in Locris (in central Greece) (2.608).Boagrius: a river in Locris (in central Greece).Boebea: name of a lake andtown in Thessaly.Boeotia: a region of central Greece whose men are part of Achaean forces.Boudeum: original home of Epeigeus (Achaean warrior).Bouprasium: a region in Epeia, in northern Peloponnese.Bryseae: a town in Lacedaemon, ruled by Menelaus.Cadmeians: citizens of Thebes in Boeotia.Calliarus: a town in Locris (in central Greece).Callicolone: a hill near Troy. Calydnian Islands: islands in the Aegean Sea. Calydon: a town in Aetolia.Cameirus: a town in Rhodes.Cardamyle: a city ruled by Agamemnon.Caresus: a river from Mount Ida to the sea.Carians: inhabitants ofCaria (a region of Asia Minor), allies of the Trojans.Carystus: a town in Euboea.Casus: an island in the Aegean Sea.Caucones: people of Asia Minor, Trojan allies.Caystrios: a river in Asia Minor.Celadon: a river on the borders of Pylos.Cephallenians: troops in Odysseus contingent (part of Achaean army).Cephisia: lake in Boeotia.Cephissus: a river in Phocis.Cerinthus: a town in Euboea.Chalcis : town in Euboea.Chalcis: a town in Aetolia.Chryse: a town near Troy.Cicones: Trojan allies from Thrace.Cilicians: people ruled by Eà «tion.Cilla: a town near Troy.Cleonae: a town ruled by Agamemnon.Cnossus: large city in Crete.Copae: a town in Boeotia.Corinth: a city on the isthmus dividing mainland Greece and the Peloponnese, part of Agamemnons kingdom, also called Ephyre.Coronea: a town in Boeotia.Cos: an island in the Aegean Sea.Cranae: an island where Paris took Helen after abducting her from Sparta. Crapathus: an island in the Aegean Sea.Cretans: inhabitants of the island of Crete, led by Idomeneus.Cromna: a town in PaphlagoniaCrisa: a town in Phocis (in central Greece).Crocylea: a region of Ithaca.Curetes: people living in Aetolia.Cyllene: a mountain in Arcadia (in central Peloponnese); home of Otus.Cynus: a town in Locris (in central Greece).Cyparisseis: a town ruled by Nestor.Cyparissus: a town in Phocis.Cyphus: a town in northern Greece.Cythera: the place of origin of Amphidamas; original home of Lycophron.Cytorus: a town in Paphlagonia.Danaans: see Achaeans.Dardanians: people from around Troy, led by Aeneas.Daulis: a town in Phocis (in central Greece).Dium: a town in Euboea.Dodona: a town in north west Greece.Dolopes: people given to Phoenix to rule by Peleus.Dorium: a town ruled by Nestor.Doulichion: an island off the west coast of mainland Greece.Echinean Islands: islands off west coast of mainland Greece.Eilesion: a town in Boeotia.Eionae: a town in the Argolid.Eleans: p eople inhabiting the Peloponnese. Eleon: a town in Boeotia.Elis: a region in Epeia, in northern Peloponnese.Elone: a town in Thessaly.Emathia: Hera goes there on the way to visit Sleep.Enetae: a town in Paphlagonia.Enienes: the inhabitants of a region in northern Greece.Enispe: a town in Arcadia (in central Peloponnese).Enope: a city ruled by Agamemnon.Epeians: part of the Achaean contingent, inhabitants of northern Peloponnese.Ephyra : a town in north-west Greece.Ephyra: alternate name for Corinth: home of Sisyphus.Ephyrians: people in Thessaly.Epidaurus: a town in the Argolid.Eretria: a town in Euboea.Erithini: a town in Paphlagonia.Erythrae: a town in Boeotia.Eteonus: a town in Boeotia.Ethiopians: Zeus visits them .Euboea: a large island close to mainland of Greece on the east:.Eutresis: a town in Boeotia.Gargaros: a peak on Mount Ida.Glaphyrae: a town in Thessaly.Glisas: a town in Boeotia.Gonoessa: a town ruled by Agamemnon.Graea: a town in Boeotia.Granicus: a river flowing from Mount Ida to the sea.Gygean Lake: a lake in Asia Minor: birth region of Iphition. Gyrtone: a town in Thessaly.Haliartus: a town in Boeotia.Halizoni: Trojan allies.Harma: a town in Boeotia.Helice: a town ruled by Agamemnon; site of worship of Poseidon.Hellas: a region of Thessaly ruled by Peleus (Achilles father).Hellenes: the inhabitants of Hellas.Hellespont: narrow stretch of water between Thrace and the Troad (separating Europe from Asia).Helos: a town in Lacedaemon, ruled by Menelaus.Helos: a town ruled by Nestor.Heptaporus: a river flowing from Mount Ida to the sea.Hermione: a town in the Argolid.Hermus: a river in Maeonia, birthplace of Iphition.Hippemolgi: distant tribe.Hire: a city ruled by Agamemnon.Histiaea: a town in Euboea.Hyades: heavenly constellation: depicted on Achilles shield.Hyampolis: a town in Phocis (in central Greece).Hyde: birthplace of Iphition (Trojan warrior).Hyle: a town in Boeotia; home of Oresbius and Tychius.Hyllus: a river in Asia Minor near the birthplace of Iphition.Hyperea: site of a spring in Thessaly.Hyperesia: a town ruled by A gamemnon. Hyria: a town in Boeotia.Hyrmine: a town in Epeia, in northern Peloponnese.Ialysus: a town in Rhodes.Iardanus: a river in the Peloponnese.Icaria: an island in the Aegean Sea.Ida: a mountain near Troy.Ilion: another name for Troy.Imbros: an island in the Aegean Sea.Iolcus: a town in Thessaly.Ionians: people of Ionia.Ithaca: an island off westcoast of Greece, home of Odysseus.Ithome: a town in Thessaly.Iton: a town in Thessaly.Las: a town in Lacedaemon, ruled by Menelaus.Lacedaemon: the area ruled by Menelaus (in south Peloponnese).Lapith: the inhabitants of a region of Thessaly.Larissa: a town near Troy.Leleges: the inhabitants of a region in northern Asia Minor.Lemnos: an island in the north-eastern Aegean Sea.Lesbos: an island in the Aegean.Lilaea: a town in Phocis (in central Greece).Lindus: a city in Rhodes.Locrians: men from Locris in central Greece.Lycastus: a town in Crete.Lycia/Lycians: a region of Asia Minor.Lyctus: a city in Crete.Lyrnessus: a city captured by Achilles, wher e he took Briseis captive. Macar: king of islands south of Lesbos.Maeander: a river in Caria (in Asia Minor).Maeonia: a region of Asia Minor south of Troy.Maeonians: inhabitants of a region of Asia Minor, Trojan allies.Magnetes: inhabitants of Magnesia in northern Greece.Mantinea: a town in Arcadia.Mases: a town in the Argolid.Medeon: a town in Boeotia.Meliboea: a town in Thessaly.Messe: a town in Lacedaemon ruled by Menelaus.Messeis: a spring in Greece.Methone: a town in Thessaly.Midea: a town in Boeotia.Miletus : a city in Crete.Miletus: a city in Asia Minor.Minyeà ¯us: a river in Peloponnese.Mycale: a mountain in Caria,in Asia Minor.Mycalessus: a town in Boeotia.Mycenae: a city in the Argolid ruled by Agamemnon.Myrine: see Batieia.Myrmidons: troops from Thessaly under command of Achilles.Myrsinus: a town in Epeia, in northern Peloponnese.Mysians: Trojan allies.Neritum: a mountain in Ithaca.Nisa: a town in Boeotia.Nisyrus: an island in the Aegean Sea.Nysa: a mountain associated with Dionysus.Ocalea: a town in Boeotia. Oceanus (Ocean): god of the river surrounding the earth.Oechalia: a city in Thessaly.Oetylus: a town in Lacedaemon, ruled by Menelaus.Olene: a large rock in Elis.Olenus: a town in Aetolia.Olizon: a town in Thessaly.Oloà ¶sson: a town in Thessaly.Olympus: a mountain where the major gods (the Olympians) live.Onchestus: a town in Boeotia.Opoeis: the place where Menoetius and Patroclus came from.Orchomenus: a city in central Greece.Orchomenus: a city in Acadia.Orion: a heavenly constellation: depicted on Achilles shield.Ormenius: a town in Thessaly.Orneae: a town ruled by Agamemnon.Orthe: a town in Thessaly.Paeonia: a region in northern Greece.Panopeus: a town in Phocis (in central Greece); home of Schedius.Paphlagonians: Trojan allies.Parrhasia: a town in Arcadia.Parthenius: a river in Paphlagonia.Pedaeum: the home of Imbrius.Pedasus: a town near Troy: home of Elatos.Pedasus: a city ruled by Agamemnon.Pelasgia: a region near Troy.Pelion: a mountain in mainland Greece: home of the centa urs. Pellene: a town ruled by Agamemnon.Peneus: a river in northern Greece.Peraebians: inhabitants of a region in north-west Greece.Percote: a town north of Troy; home of Pidytes.Perea: the place where Apollo bred horses of Admetus.Pergamus: the high citadel of Troy.Peteon: a town in Boeotia.Phaestus : town in Crete.Pharis: a town in Peloponnese.Pheia: a town in the Peloponnese.Pheneus: a town in Arcadia.Pherae : city in Thessaly.Pherae: a city in southern Peloponnese.Phlegyans: fighting against Ephyreans.Phocis: territory of Phoceans (part of the Achaean contingent), in central Greece.Phrygia: a region of Asia Minor inhabited by Phrygians, allies of the Trojans.Phthia: a region in south Thessaly (in northern Greece), home of Achilles and his father Peleus.Phthires: a region in Carian Asia Minor.Phylace: a town in Thessaly; home of Medon.Pieria: Hera goes there on the way to Sleep.Pityeia: a town to the north of Troy.Placus: a mountain by Thebe, city near Troy.Plataea: a town in Boeotia.P leiades: a heavenly constellation: depicted on Achilles shield. Pleuron: a town in Aetolia; home of Andraemon, Portheus, and Ancaeus.Practius: a town to the north of Troy.Pteleum: a town ruled by Nestor.Pteleum: a town in Thessaly.Pylene: a town in Aetolia.Pylians: residents of Pylos.Pylos: area in south Peloponnese, and central city in that area, ruled by Nestor.Pyrasus: a town in Thessaly.Pytho: a town in Phocis (in central Greece).Rhesus: a river flowing from Mount Ida to the sea.Rhipe:  ¨town in Arcadia.Rhodes: a large island in the eastern Mediterranean.Rhodius: a river from Mount Ida to the sea: stirred up by Poseidon and Apollo to destroy the wall.Rhytium: a town in Crete.Salamis: an island off mainland Greece, home of Telamonian Ajax.Samos: an island off west coast of mainland Greece, ruled by Odysseus.Samos: an island in northern Aegean Sea.Samothrace: an island in the Aegean Sea: Poseidons view point on the battle.Sangarius: a river in Phyrgia; home of Asius.Satnioeis: a river near Troy; home of Altes.Scaean Gates: the major gates thr ough the Trojan walls. Scamander: a river outside Troy (also called the Xanthus).Scandia: the home of Amphidamas.Scarphe: a town in Locris (in central Greece).Schoenus: a town in Boeotia.Scolus: a town in Boeotia.Scyros: an island in the Aegean: Achilles son being raised there.Selleà ¯s: a river in north-west Greece.Selleà ¯s: a river north of Troy.Sesamus: a town in Paphlagonia.Sestos: a town on the north side of the Hellespont.Sicyon: a town ruled by Agamemnon; home of Echepolus.Sidon: a city in Phoenicia.Simoeis: a river near Troy.Sipylus: a mountain area where Niobe still exists.Solymi: a tribe in Lycia: attacked by Bellerophon.Sparta: a city in Lacedaemon, home of Menelaus and (originally) Helen.Spercheus: a river, father of Menesthius, after copulating with Polydora.Stratie: a town in Arcadia.Stymphelus: a town in Arcadia.Styra: a town in Euboea.Styx: a special underground river on which gods swear their oaths: Titaressus a branch of the Styx.Syme: an island in the Aegean Sea.Tarne: a city in Maeon ia.Tarphe: a town in Locris (in central Greece). Tartarus: a deep pit below the earth.Tegea: a town in Arcadia.Tenedos: an island a short distance off the coast from Troy.Tereia: a mountain to the north of Troy.Thaumachia: a town in Thessaly.Thebe: a city near Troy.Thebes: a city in Boeotia.Thebes: a city in Egypt.Thespeia: a town in Boeotia.Thisbe: a town in Boeotia.Thrace: a region north of the Hellespont.Thronion: a town in Locris (in central Greece).Thryoessa: a city in war between Pylians and Epeians.Thryum: a town ruled by Nestor.Thymbre: a town near Troy.Timolus: a mountain in Asia Minor, near Hyde.Tiryns: a city in the Argolid.Titanus: a town in Thessaly.Titaressus: a river in north-western Greece, a branch of the river Styx.Tmolus: a mountain in Meonia.Trachis: a town in Pelasgian Argos.Tricca: a town in Thessaly.Troezene: a town in the Argolid.Xanthus: a river in Lycia (Asia Minor).Xanthus: a river outside Troy, also called the Scamander, also the god of the river.Zacynthus: an island off the west coast of Greece, part of the area ruled by Odysseus. Zeleia: a town close to Troy, on lower slopes of Mt. Ida. Source: Glossary for the Iliad, by Ian Johnston

Strategic Management of France Telecoms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Management of France Telecoms - Essay Example The case study shows there is a large-scale change in the telecommunications industry. The telecommunications industry continues to grow into a more complex market segment in the past 20 years. Some smaller telecommunications companies have joined larger competitors in the same telecommunications industry to survive. The large-scale change in the telecommunications industry is grounded on the transformation of the prior telephone services- based telecoms industry to producing phones that offer many exclusive features. The features include internet, ebook reading, camera, calculator, internet, word software, games, radio, broadcasting, relay, satellite, and video recording advantages (Abele, 2008). The European Union’s telecommunications industry is guided by the European Commission’s policies on telecommunications. In 1990, the European Commission issued a services directive 90/388/ECC stating that the telecommunications industry is now open to competition. However, the re European Union’s regulatory policies have aided in establishing large-scale restructuring of the telecommunications industry over the past 20 long years. The company’s strive to increase its current revenue output and profit performance is one of the triggers that forced telecommunications companies to implement the right strategic changes to the company’s current revenue-generating processes and profit-enhancing activities. The dot.com bubble burst is one of the many external drivers that triggered the change in the telecommunications industry. Likewise, the liberalization of the telecommunications market segment is an external factor that triggered the change in the telecommunications industry. Each telecommunications company had to implement drastic changes in its current marketing, operations, and management processes in order to keep abreast of or even surpass the revenue performance, profit performance, and production performance of each telecommunicati ons industry player.

Tourism in France Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Tourism in France - Essay Example Travellers are always searching for exotic locations that offer stunning natural resources, cross-border travel and eco-tourism. Rural areas in France offer many environmental amenities and has become more attractive especially for agri-tourism. Millions of tourists from all parts of the world visit France annually and it is the most popular tourist destination in the world (Books LLC 2010). At the same time, France keeps public funding for tourism at a relatively low level. Tourism is the largest industry in the world and generates crucial businesses for other service industries such as the hotel industry, entertainment facilities, restaurants, sport and recreational facilities and travel services. A new form of tourism where tourists want a customised itinerary is emerging. These package tours are shorter and more frequent but less expensive compared to the traditional tourism (Poon 1993). The average trip for package tour takes 4 nights instead of the traditional 9 nights. The introduction and improvement of digital communication and ICT, which has enabled clients make choices that are more informed, has made this possible. The French government exercises its sovereign authority and outlines the framework of operation in relation to national peace, the rule of law, food security, health security and reliable public services. This structure is crucial for development of tourism. France guarantees the legislative and regulatory structures for all activities, including tourism. Successive governments have continued to fund bodies that exist to support tourism at the local and the international level. Administration of tourism in France has been rationalised to meet all stakeholders’ needs. Through the central government, regions, departments and communes, the French authorities support tourism development. By increasing resources for territorial tourism improvement and promotion of France as the preferred tourist destination, the central government and territorial authorities have seen the number of tourists increasing annually (Todd, 2008). Territorial authorities play a crucial role in formulation of policy and development of tourism. The national tourism administration supports regional tourism through guidance, regulation and coordination of tourism policies and ensures they are consistent. The French Agency for Tourism Engineering (AFIT) ensures development objectives between territorial authorities, private actors and the central government complement each other and are in line with the national strategic objectives. The administrative classification for accommodati on in the form of hotels, tourist resorts, holiday rentals, campsites and tourist offices has a number of implications, notably with regard to complementary funding and dates back to 1919 (Books LLC 2010). A rated commune has certain additional privileges in addition to the normal privileges received by other communes. The central government and the territorial governments share Institutional responsibilities in managing tourism. The territorial governments are responsible for planning and implementing the medium-term objectives for tourism development. Tourism is a service activity and requires a large workforce, which is a blessing during the current slow

The Opportunity Cost of College Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Opportunity Cost of College - Case Study Example Suppose you are paying $6,000 this year for in-state tuition, fees, and books at a public college (paying out-of-state rates would add another $6,000 to that, and attending a private college would add about $15,000). The opportunity cost of paying for tuition, fees, and books is what you and your family could otherwise have purchased with that money. How about room and board? Expenses for room and board are not necessarily an opportunity cost because, even if you were not attending college, you would still need to live somewhere and eat something, though these could cost more in college. Likewise, whether or not you attended college, you would still buy goods such as CDs, clothes, and toiletries, and services such as laundry, haircuts, and DVD rentals. Your spending for such products is not an opportunity cost of attending college but the personal cost that arises regardless of what you do. So for simplicity, assume that room, board, and personal expenses are the same whether or not you attend college. The forgone earnings of $10,000 plus the $6,000 for tuition, fees, and books yield an opportunity cost of $16,000 this year for a student paying in-state rates at a public college. Opportunity cost jumps to about $22,000 for students paying out-of-state rates and to about $31,000 for those at private colleges. Scholarships, but not loans, would reduce your opportunity cost (why not loans?). This analysis assumes that other things remain constant. But if in your view, attending college is more of a pain than you expected your next best alternative to be, then the opportunity cost of attending college is even higher. In other words, if you are one of those people who find college difficult, often boring, and in most ways more unpleasant than a full-time job, then the cost in money terms understates your opportunity cost.  

Textual Analysis Of Early Modern English

Textual Analysis Of Early Modern English The text is from a collection of poems in The Phoenix Nest, which has been extracted from the book The poem of Sir Walter Ralegh. The Early Modern English poem is fourteen lines long and is quintessentially a self-pitiful venture to remind the poet himself of his lifetimes dashed reputation and respect as a result of his profound mistake. The poet, Sir Walter Raleigh, became a favourite of Queen Elizabeth the First after conveying, on a number of occasions, his abhorrence towards the Catholic Church but also due to his exceptional services to the state. Nevertheless, Queen Elizabeth had Walter thrown into prison after acknowledging his love affair with one of her Maids of Honour, Bessie Throckmorton. During this period of humility, Walter wrote the poem Farewell to the Court in 1593, which is in essence an unforgettable embittered poem that insinuated the Court did not aid him is his dilemma, although he had unquestionably devoted his lifetime in working for the Court. On a less subt le basis, the poem is concerning the poets despair, his contemplation on the wrongs committed and his hopes for fortune to come sooner than later. Sir Walter Raleigh was born at Hayes Barton, which is near the village of East Budleigh, Devon, England. Language scholars claim that the poet retained his strong Devonshire accent, although he came into contact with numerous regional accents all over England, including the prominent accents of London. However, apparently the poets accent was not discriminated in London. Furthermore, before the fifteenth century, when English had been standardized thanks to the Black Death (where the economy experienced a significant drop in population-size) and to Caxton (who introduced printing in 1476), there were several regional standard varieties of English. However, by the fifteenth century, the London regional standard was recognised as the only standard in England due to urbanisation and excessive economic growth in London. Analysis According to Smith (1999:128) v and u were used interchangeably in a word to represent both a vowel and a consonant. Therefore, v was generally used in initial position, for example, vnknowne (line 6) whereas u was generally used in all other positions, for example, truthles (line 1). However, there are evidences in the text that explicitly indicate inconsistencies in the orthography and the fact that the poet does not conform to the written spelling conventions. In the poem, v is utilized in all positions of a word, for example, the non-initial position in the word covrt (title) and the initial position in the word vnknowne (line 6) whereas u is utilized in all non-initial positions of a word, for example, the vowel occurs in the second syllable of returne (line 2) and in the first syllable of loue (line 3). Furthermore, according to Smith (1999:128), the final -y (in present day English) was orthographically represented by -ie, for example, staie (line 12). However, there are obvio us evidences in the text that similarly signify inconsistencies in the orthography and the fact that the poet does not implement the written conventions. In the poem, the final -y is unsystematically transcribed in various ways, such as: -ye (e.g. ioyes (line 1)), -y (e.g. my (line 1) and onely (line 4)), -ie (e.g. daies (line 2), fancie (line 3), staies (line 4) and waies (line 6)) and -ey (e.g. countrey (line 9)). Nevertheless, the discrepancies in the orthography may have transpired as a result of several reasons, such as: variation in regional dialectal (which would explain why there are numerous forms representing the final -y), written errors made by the scribe (which would explain the form -y being mostly represented by -ie), later modifications made by the editor in order to enable contemporary readers to comprehend the poem (which would explain why the word expired (line 1) is not spelt in its Early Modern English original form expird) or, a more straightforward reason woul d be, the poet felt exercising his own hybrid written conventions were more appropriate (which would explain the use of both regional and standard forms to represent one morpheme/syllable) than implementing the standard spelling system, particularly for a personal poem. Hence, although London English had become the standard variety in England, the latter justification would suggest individual writers had the propensity not to exploit the standard orthography during this early period when Standard English was yet considered not authoritative enough to cause national change in the spelling system. Smith (1999:130) alleges that, with respect to Early Modern English (EModE) pronunciation, although there were accentual variations in England, there was a fairly close correlation between a written letter and a spoken sound segment. However, there are evidences in the text that contradict this theory. For example, the vowels in the words life (line 7) and sweete (line 11) are orthographically realized as i and e, respectively. By contrast, the vowels are phonemically realized as / Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ °/ and /i:/, respectively. These examples clearly prove that in Early Modern English there was no direct correlation between orthography and phonology, particularly in this poem if not generally in the 16th century. This notion is further reinforced by the fact that Middle English had undergone major transformations in the fifteenth century (Strang 1970:165-172), whereby the language experienced the Great Vowel Shift, the inclusion of new phonemes (such as: / -/ and / Ã… ½/) and t he obsoleteness of various phonemes (such as / Ã‹Å"/). Hence, due to the fact that the poem is not phonemically transcribed, one cannot distinguish whether or not the poets accent had any linguistic effect on the poem. There is a significant number of words in the poem, approximately 25%, that are not Old English in origin but instead derive from various languages, such as: Germanic (e.g. dream), Old French (e.g. joy), Latin (e.g. expire), Greek (e.g. fantasy), French (e.g. retrieve) and Old Norse (e.g. wail). Although sixteenth century England experienced a dramatic increase in the number of loan words (more than any previous century) particularly from French, the percentage of non-Old English lexical items used in the poem is, nonetheless, extremely high. However, the use of what was classified as inkhorn terms (the pompous terminology of the over-learned) was probably used subconsciously if not intentionally by the poet in order to convey his retaliation towards the state, for unjustly imprisoning him in the Tower of London, by subtly advocating the encouragement of foreign influence. Conversely, the latter notion can be bypassed by the fact that a large number of words in the poem, approximatel y 75%, were Old English in origin. Furthermore, although the poet was not a purist (a writer who attempted to replace loans words with Old English poly-morpheme equivalents, for example, unthroughfaresom was used by purists as a substitute to impenetrable), the poet uses the Old English word loue (line 3) rather than the Neo-Latin alternative druery. Nevertheless, one may argue that the Neo-Latin term was not exploited in the poem because, by the 16th century, it was considered somewhat archaic. Hence, linguists argue that the vocabulary generally exploited by writers were predominantly Old English, except in the rare occasions where purist (such as Edmund Spenser) attempted to use all Old English based words whereas neologisers (such as Sir Walter Raleigh, but only in a short period of time) attempted to use as many loan words as possible (Smith 1999:153-4 Strang 1970:184). With respect to syntax, according to Smith (1999:142) Early Modern English is very similar to present-day English because it follows the same word order pattern (subject-verb-object), for example, the sorrow onely staies (line 4) incidentally there is no object because the word stay is an intransitive verb. Furthermore, the pronouns whose/whom can be used as a relative pronoun by occurring in initial position, which was a distinct feature since late Middle English, for example, whose sommer well nie don (line 11) and whom care forewarnes (line 13). However, although SVO was the unmarked word order in the 16th century, there are instances in the poem where a clause may be missing a grammatical function (i.e. the subject), for example, the clause to haste me hence (line 14) only consists of the non-finite verb followed by the object, which indicates development from Middle English to early 16th century. Nevertheless, the word order SVO is maintained and such peculiarity was typically found in poetry (due to stylistic reasons) rather than prose. With respect to morphology, the morphological system of Middle English has been largely preserved in Early Modern English (Smith 1999:134-141), such as: the plural marker -s on nouns (e.g. dreames (line 1), ioyes (line 1), etc.) and the predicate agreeing with its subject both in person and number (e.g. there is number agreement in Like truthles dreames, so are my ioyes expired (line 1)). However, the most idiosyncratic morphological feature in the 16th century is that an apostrophe is never used to indicate the genitive case, for example, in the phrase my life in fortunes hand (line 7) there is no apostrophe after the last vowel in the word fortunes, which would be present in present-day English. Nevertheless, apart from the excessive growth of compounding (e.g. forewarnes (line 13)), the poem has more or less preserved the morphological and syntactic properties of Middle English. The poet repeatedly emphasizes the refrain Of all which past, the sorow onely staies (line 4) in order to convey he is pessimistic and depressed by the fact that time passes by and the only thought that crosses his mind is the idea of eternal loneliness and sorrow. Furthermore, the poet does not in any way imply he apologizes for his mistake but instead insinuates he has been misled. This implicit meaning may account for the use of the rhyming scheme ABAB, which differentiates the rhyming couplet A and B in other words, the rhyming scheme is used as a metaphor to suggest that the poet and his lover, Bessie Throckmorton, are probably never meant to be together. Conclusion The poem Farewell to the Court by Sir Walter Raleigh illustrates the fact that, by the sixteenth century (i.e. Early Modern English), the orthographic and phonological systems of Middle English underwent major transformations, so much so that the correlation that existed between the two linguistic features had deteriorated significantly. Furthermore, during this period where the London English regional variety was recognised as the only official standard in England, the standard was not authoritative enough to initiate national change among writers (including Sir Walter Raleigh), although Caxton introduced spelling norms with his mass printing. Conversely, as the language acknowledged one official standard (rather than several regional standards), the basic syntactic and morphological properties of Middle English (which are implemented the poem) were sustained throughout Early Modern English to present-day English. Hence, the language of the poem explicitly depicts the fact that Earl y Modern English was linguistically extremely similar but not homogenous to present-day English (orthographically, phonologically, morphologically and syntactically).

The Importance of Voice in Writing :: Essays on Writing

For my first paper I'll talk about voice, and how it affects the conversations that we have with other people, and how we perceive certain voices to sound in stories, and other works that we read. I think that in general voice is a type of mystery, and that it is one of those things that we really can't understand. When looking at a piece of writing I think that a clear and concise voice is one of the things that makes a piece work. This is my own feeling, and it might not agree with others, but when I'm reading a story, and it is full of good stuff like conversation, and heart felt feelings, I feel that the author is able to tell me what he/she is trying to say, I think that it has a better impact on the reader compared to the writing that goes on about nothing, and seems to only have one monotone voice. I think that one of the best ways to create a clear voice while writing is to pretend that you are talking to a friend, and having a conversation about what happened in one of your most hated classes. For me this is an easy way to create a voice that isn't to dull, and with any luck will hold the attention of the reader all the way to the end of my work. This type of voice isn't all that hard to create, but using it at the right time might be a little tricky. According to what Morgan said in class the last time we met, voice isn't used all that often in technical writing. This would explain why some of the texts that we are forced to read are so boring. The authors of these books aren't looking to entertain, they are looking to educate, and get a point across to the reader. This is true foe the most part, but wouldn't it be nice if we could pick up a text, or a manual for a new computer, and understand what is being said? I think that in the near future many of the books, and manuals that will be coming out will have a new voice of their own. I think that in general people find it easier to understand what is being said if the writing or instructions that they are reading seem to make sense, and don't sound like the author is trying to make them feel like an idiot.